Colorectal Cancer Resources

How to Prevent Colorectal Cancer

Screening can often find colorectal cancer early, when it may be more treatable or has not yet spread. The U.S. Preventive Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening for colorectal cancer in all adults starting at age 45.² If you have a higher risk, your provider may recommend screening earlier.

There are several different test options for colorectal cancer screening.⁵  

Colonoscopy

This screening is the most comprehensive colorectal cancer test available. During a colonoscopy, a flexible tube with a camera is inserted through the rectum to examine the lining of the colon and detect polyps. Sometimes cell samples are taken for analysis. Patients generally follow a special diet and undergo bowel prep beforehand, and the procedure is typically done under sedation. Colonoscopies are usually performed every ten years if no abnormalities are found and there is no increased risk of colon cancer. Preventive colonoscopy screenings are covered 100% when visiting a network provider.

Stool Tests

These tests, including Fecal Immunochemical Tests (FIT) or Fecal Occult Blood Tests (gFOBT), analyze stool to look for signs of colon cancer or precancerous conditions. These tests check stool samples for hidden signs of blood, which can be a sign of colon cancer. The USPSTF recommends these tests be done annually for adults aged 45 to 75. They are typically performed at home, and some preparation may be required.

Flexible Sigmoidoscopy

This test examines the rectum and lower part of the colon and can be combined with FIT. Similar to colonoscopies, sigmoidoscopies involve using a camera to inspect the colon directly for polyps and take samples. However, because the camera is unable to see the entire colon, sigmoidoscopies can't detect polyps or cell clumps that develop farther up the colon. At least 4 out of 10 colorectal cancers start in the upper portion (right side) of the colon. The USPSTF recommends flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years for adults aged 45 to 75, or every 10 years when combined with annual FIT. Sigmoidoscopies are covered 100% when visiting a network provider.

Computed Tomography (CT) Colonography

This test uses X-ray images to create 3D views of the colon after it has been inflated with air or carbon dioxide. The images are used to detect any abnormalities, such as polyps or cancer. A CT colonography does not require sedation or a scope to be put into the rectum or colon (like with a colonoscopy). The USPSTF recommends CT colonography every 5 years for adults aged 45 to 75, but it is not considered the standard test compared to other methods like colonoscopy. A CT colonography requires prior authorization under the Compass Rose Health Plan.  

Early detection through regular screening saves lives. Talk to your primary care provider about your colorectal cancer risk and determine when you should start screening.